Review key updates to the rule in the Health Advisory issued on May 18, 2026.
Healthcare providers and laboratories are required by Vermont law to report certain suspected or confirmed diseases and laboratory findings to the Vermont Department of Health.
Timely reporting helps identify outbreaks, prevent disease spread, and protect Vermonters.
For questions about sending specimens to the Lab, call 802-338-4724.
The following professionals are required to report suspected or confirmed cases of reportable diseases:
View the complete reporting requirements in the Reportable and Communicable Diseases Rule.
Use the searchable table below to determine what conditions are reportable, when they must be reported, and whether specimens should be submitted to the Vermont Department of Health Laboratory.
| Reportable Diseases, Syndromes, and Treatments | Reportable Laboratory Findings | Reporting Timeline | Specimens Required to go to VDHL |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anaplasmosis | Anaplasma phagocytophilum | Within 24 hours | |
| Anthrax | Bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, biovar anthracis | Immediately | Yes |
| Babesiosis | Babesia microti, Babesia divergens, Babesia duncani | Within 24 hours | |
| Blastomycosis | Blastomyces species | Within 24 hours | |
| Blood lead levels | All results, including undetectable | Within 24 hours | |
| Botulism | Clostridium botulinum | Immediately | Yes |
| Brucellosis | Brucella species | Immediately | Yes |
| Campylobacteriosis | Campylobacter species | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Candida auris illness | Candida auris | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infection/colonization | Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), including susceptibility results | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infection/colonization | Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), including susceptibility results | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) infection/colonization | Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), including susceptibility results | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Chikungunya virus disease | Chikungunya virus | Within 24 hours | |
| Chlamydia trachomatis infection | Chlamydia trachomatis | Within 24 hours | |
| Cholera | Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 or O139 | Immediately | Yes |
| COVID-19 – positive results | SARS-CoV-2 | Within 24 hours | |
| COVID-19-related pediatric deaths | SARS-CoV-2 | Within 24 hours | |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease/transmissible spongiform encephalopathies | N/A | Within 24 hours | |
| Cryptosporidiosis | Cryptosporidium species | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Cyclosporiasis | Cyclospora cayetanensis | Within 24 hours | |
| Dengue | Dengue virus | Within 24 hours | |
| Diphtheria | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Immediately | Yes |
| Eastern equine encephalitis | Eastern equine encephalitis virus | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Ehrlichiosis | Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, Ehrlichia muris eauclairensis | Within 24 hours | |
| Encephalitis | N/A | Within 24 hours | |
| Glanders | Burkholderia mallei | Immediately | Yes |
| Gonorrhea | Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Within 24 hours | |
| Haemophilus influenzae disease, invasive | Haemophilus influenzae, isolated from a normally sterile site, including susceptibility results | Immediately | Yes |
| Hantavirus disease | Hantaviruses | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Hard tick relapsing fever | Borrelia miyamotoi | Within 24 hours | |
| Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) | N/A | Within 24 hours | |
| Hepatitis A (acute) | Hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV IgM) | Immediately | |
| Hepatitis B | Hepatitis B virus (HBsAg, anti-HBcIgM, HBeAg, HBV DNA) | Within 24 hours | |
| Hepatitis B, positive surface antigen in a pregnant person | Hepatitis B virus (HbsAg) | Within 24 hours | |
| Hepatitis C | Positive hepatitis C antibody results and all positive and non-detectable nucleic acid test results, including genotype | Within 24 hours | |
| Hepatitis E | Hepatitis E virus (IgM anti-HEV) | Within 24 hours | |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/AIDS | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) including the following: HIV viral load measurement, including non-detectable results All HIV subtype and HIV nucleotide sequence data from antiretroviral drug resistance testing | Within 24 hours | |
| Infant botulism | Clostridium botulinum | Immediately | Yes |
| Influenza - only novel influenza A strains | Only novel influenza A strains | Immediately | Yes - only novel influenza A |
| Influenza-related pediatric deaths and institutional outbreaks (i.e., long-term care facilities, schools, child care facilities, correctional facilities, shelters, camps, hospitals, daycare centers) | N/A | Within 24 hours | |
| Jamestown Canyon virus disease | Jamestown Canyon virus | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| La Crosse virus disease | La Crosse virus | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Legionellosis | Legionella species | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Leptospirosis | Leptospira species | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Listeriosis | Listeria monocytogenes | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Lyme disease | Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia mayonii | Within 24 hours | |
| Malaria | Plasmodium species | Within 24 hours | |
| Measles (Rubeola) | Measles virus | Immediately | |
| Melioidosis | Burkholderia pseudomallei | Immediately | Yes |
| Meningitis, bacterial | Neisseria meningitidis isolated from a normally sterile site, including susceptibility results, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from a normally sterile site, including susceptibility results, Haemophilus influenzae isolated from a normally sterile site, including susceptibility results | Immediately | |
| Meningococcal disease | Neisseria meningitidis, isolated from a normally sterile site, including susceptibility results | Immediately | Yes |
| Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | MERS CoV | Immediately | Yes |
| Mpox (human monkeypox) | MPXV Clade I and Clade II, non-variola Orthopoxvirus | Within 24 hours | |
| Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) | SARS-CoV-2 | Within 24 hours | |
| Mumps | Mumps virus | Within 24 hours | |
| Pertussis (whooping cough) | Bordetella pertussis | Within 24 hours | |
| Plague | Yersinia pestis | Immediately | Yes |
| Poliovirus infection, including poliomyelitis | Poliovirus | Immediately | |
| Powassan virus disease | Powassan virus | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Psittacosis | Chlamydia psittaci | Within 24 hours | |
| Q fever | Coxiella burnetii | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Rabies, human and animal cases | Rabies virus | Immediately | |
Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in humans | N/A | Within 24 hours | |
| Reye syndrome | N/A | Within 24 hours | |
| Ricin toxicity | Ricin toxin | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Rubella (German measles) | Rubella virus | Immediately | |
| Rubella, congenital rubella syndrome | Rubella virus | Within 24 hours | |
| Salmonella Paratyphi infection | Salmonella enterica serotypes Paratyphi A, B [tartrate negative], and C [S. Paratyphi] | Immediately | Yes |
| Salmonella Typhi infection | Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi | Immediately | Yes |
| Salmonellosis | Salmonella species (non-Typhi) | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) | SARS-CoV/SARS-associated | Immediately | Yes |
| Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC) | Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC) (including O157:H7) | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Shigellosis | Shigella species | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Smallpox | Variola virus | Immediately | |
| Spotted fever group rickettsioses | Rickettsia species | Within 24 hours | |
| St. Louis encephalitis | St. Louis encephalitis virus | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Streptococcal disease, group A, invasive | Streptococcus pyogenes (group A), isolated from a normally sterile site | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Streptococcal disease, group B invasive (infants less than one month of age) | Streptococcus agalactiae (group B), isolated from a normally sterile site (infants less than one month of age) | Within 24 hours | |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae disease, invasive | Streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated from a normally sterile site, including susceptibility results | Within 24 hours | |
| Syphilis | Treponema pallidum and all confirmatory tests for syphilis that result from an initial positive screening test, regardless of result (positive and negative) | Within 24 hours | |
| Tetanus | Clostridium tetani | Within 24 hours | |
| Toxic shock syndrome | N/A | Within 24 hours | |
| Trichinellosis | Trichinella species | Within 24 hours | |
| Tuberculosis disease | Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including susceptibility results, interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), tuberculin skin test (TST) | Immediately | Yes, MTB complex only (IGRAs and TSTs are not required to be sent) |
| Tuberculosis infection, latent | Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), tuberculin skin test (TST) | Within 24 hours | |
| Tularemia | Francisella tularensis | Immediately | Yes |
| Vaccinia (disease or adverse event) | Vaccinia virus | Within 24 hours | |
| Varicella (chickenpox only) | Varicella virus | Within 24 hours | |
| Vibriosis | Vibrio species | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| VRSA, VISA infection | Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin resistant (VRSA) and vancomycin intermediate (VISA), including susceptibility results | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| West Nile virus illness | West Nile virus | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Yellow fever | Yellow fever virus | Within 24 hours | |
| Yersiniosis | Yersinia enterocolitica | Within 24 hours | Yes |
| Zika virus disease and infection | Zika virus | Within 24 hours |
The list below shows reportable animal diseases to the Department of Health. Other diseases may be reportable to the Agency of Agriculture.
| Reportable Animal Diseases | Reporting Timeline |
|---|---|
| Anthrax | Immediately |
| Arboviral: eastern equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, West Nile virus | within 24 hours |
| Avian Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis, Ornithosis) | within 24 hours |
| Brucellosis (Brucella species) | within 24 hours |
| Glanders (Burkholderia mallei) | Immediately |
| Hantavirus | within 24 hours |
| Hendra virus | within 24 hours |
| Highly pathogenic avian influenza | within 24 hours |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex | within 24 hours |
| Nipah virus | within 24 hours |
| Non-Variola Orthopoxvirus (mpox) | within 24 hours |
| Plague (Yersinia pestis) | Immediately |
| Q Fever (Coxiella burnetti) | within 24 hours |
| Rabies | Immediately |
| SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection | within 24 hours |
| Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) | Immediately |
| Typhus fever (Rickettsia prowazekii) | within 24 hours |
| Cryptosporidiosis | within 24 hours |
